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Spiral Leg Bands Size
Chain Mail Armor
The chain mail Medieval armor is best represented by the Norman cavalry, the main force of William the Conqueror's invading army. Infantry was discredited until the disputes of the sons of the Conqueror led once more to the English infantry taking the field.
In the meantime, the medieval chain mail armor of the cavalry had been further lengthened, and changed into a complete sheathing of steel by the addition of long sleeves falling over the hands. The leggings were covering the thighs, shins, and feet, and a capuchin-like hood, which could be thrown back, was leaving only the eyes and nose exposed.
With a thickly padded garment under the mail, a conical or flat-topped steel helmet, a large kite-shaped shield, and long reaching weapons, the knight had little to fear when encountering light-armed cavalry or infantry.
Chain Mail Construction
The making of mail Medieval armor must have been laborious in the extreme. The wire which formed the links had to be hammered out from the solid bar or ingot. The art of wire-drawing was not practised till the 14th century, when Rudolph of Nuremberg is credited with its discovery.
The roughly-hammered strips were probably twisted spirally round an iron or wood core and then cut off into rings of equal size. The ends of the rings were flattened and pierced, and, when interlaced, the pierced ends were riveted together or sometimes, welded with heat. Links that are 'jumped ', that is with the ends of the ring merely butted together and not joined, generally show either that the mail is an imitation, or that it was used for some ceremonial purpose. That is because this would be a very insecure method and useless in the stress and strain of battle or active service.
The most usual method of interlinking the rings is for each ring to join four others, as shown below.
In the 13th century the banded mail appears, as shown on effigies and other representations. The technique consisted in the passing of a leather thong through each alternate row of rings, for the sake of extra strength. Double mail is sometimes to be shown on carved monuments, and is constructed in the same manner as the single mail. However, two links would be used together in every case whereas only one is used in the single mail.
As the manufacture of mail progressed, the entire body of the person wearing it was protected, including the arms and legs. Eventually, the neck and head were protected with a coif or hood of mail, which could be thrown back on the shoulders. The coat-of-mail remained without important variations the chief knightly defence until the close of the 13th century.
While the defence of the body consisted of the chain mail hauberk with the underlying gambeson and the shield, the head had received the additional protection of the chapelle-de-fer (cap of steel), round or flat.
The chain mail had a long life of service, beyond that of the Medieval armor proper. It was worn again, without plate armor, and for a brief period, as late as the 16th century, when it was revived especially in Italy where assassination was rife.
For information;
www.historicalarmouies.webs.com
About the Author
Historical Arms and Armour Institute was established a few years ago by a group of dedicated men, who hold to their heart and have great concern towards our rich European culture, especially that of Malta, The Island of the Great Siege of 1565, the island where the era of the Knight was eased out., Amongst others Historical Arms and Armour Institute have Master craftsmen and Master armourers who have been producing functional authentic replicas of Arms and Armour for the past twenty-five years of experience in professional consultancy in all the stages required for manufacturing of Arms and Armour. Historical Arms and Armour Institute have produced pieces of armour, for local museums such as The Palace Armoury, Palazzo Falzone and also for the Malta International Airport, of which a showcase with our armour is on display at the Arrivals section (look it up on your next trip to Malta). Historical Arms and Armour Institute have also been commissioned by Heritage Malta to recreate missing pieces for original armour presently on display at the Palace armoury and in European Union. Historical Armouries at Historical Arms and Armour Institute, educate and teach all that one needs to know about period arms and armour, how it was made, how it works, what was its function, when it was used, who used such armour, etc. Historical Arms and Armour Institute have also introduced a New Adult course on production of authentic Arms and armour, the first of its kind in Europe. This course is spanned over 3 years and we are on the 3rd year now. Our students have learned how to make maille armour, and shields, have also learned a lot about Arms and Armour in general and of course a comprehensive study of historical battles, war tactics, and function of siege weapons. Historical Armouries also cater for the movie industry, should any movie company require our services with regards to arms armour or man power, we can accommodate them locally, which makes things much easer and economic for the movie makers in question. In the very near future we shall be introducing historical re-enactments of all sorts, including a museum and library, close to our workshops.
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